ALTQ.CONF(5) BSD File Formats Manual ALTQ.CONF(5)NAMEaltq.conf — ALTQ configuration file
DESCRIPTION
The altq.conf file contains a number of lines specifying the behavior of
queueing disciplines. Comments start with a # and extend to the end of
the line.
The altqd(8) program reads /etc/altq.conf at startup and sets up queueing
disciplines. BLUE, CBQ (Class-Based Queueing), FIFOQ (First-In First-Out
Queue), HFSC (Hierarchical Fair Service Curve), PRIQ (Priority Queueing),
RED (Random Early Detection), RIO (RED with IN/OUT), WFQ (Weighted Fair
Queueing), JoBS (Joint Buffer Management and Scheduling) and CDNR (Diff‐
serv Traffic Conditioner) can be configured in this file.
Interface Commands
interface if_name [bandwidth bps] [tbrsize bytes] [sched_type]
[discipline-specific-options]
The interface command specifies a network interface to be under control
of ALTQ. One interface specification is provided for each network inter‐
face under control of ALTQ. A system configured as a router may have
multiple interface specifications.
if_name specifies the name of a network interface (e.g., fxp0).
bandwidth
specifies the interface bandwidth in bits per second.
This is the maximum rate that the queueing discipline
will allow on this interface.
tbrsize specifies the bucket size of a token bucket regulator in
bytes. When tbrsize is omitted, the system automatically
sets the bucket size using heuristics. The token rate is
set to the interface bandwidth specified by the interface
command.
sched_type
Type of a queueing discipline. It must be either blue,
cbq, fifoq, hfsc, jobs, priq, red, rio, or wfq. If the
interface has only traffic conditioners and no queueing
discipline, sched_type can be omitted.
Class Command
class sched_type if_name class_name parent_name [red|rio] [ecn]
[cleardscp] [discipline-specific-options]
The class command specifies a packet scheduling class for CBQ, HFSC, JoBS
or PRIQ. A class specifier must be provided for each packet scheduling
class.
sched_type
Type of queueing discipline. Must correspond to the dis‐
cipline name in interface specification.
if_name Interface name. Must correspond to name in interface
specification.
class_name
Arbitrary name for this class. Must be unique for this
interface.
parent_name
The name of the parent class for this class (for CBQ or
HFSC). Parent class must have been previously defined.
PRIQ and JoBS do not have class hierarchy and parent_name
must be NULL for PRIQ and JoBS classes.
red Use RED (Random Early Detection) on this class queue.
RED drops packets with the probability proportional to
the average queue length.
rio Use RIO (RED with In/Out bit) on this class queue. RIO
runs triple RED algorithms at the same time.
ecn Use RED/ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) on this
class queue (experimental implementation). ECN implies
RED.
cleardscp
Clear diffserv codepoint in the IP header.
Filter Commands
filter if_name class_name [name fltr_name] [ruleno num]
filter_values
The filter command specifies a filter to classify packets into a schedul‐
ing class. A filter specifier determines any statically-defined packet
classification rules.
if_name Name of a network interface (e.g., fxp0).
class_name Name of a class or a conditioner to which matching
packets are directed.
name Add an arbitrary name to the filter for a future refer‐
ence.
ruleno Specifies explicit order of filter matching. Filter
matching is performed from a filter with a larger
ruleno. Default is 0.
filter_values should be in the following format:
filter_values:
dst_addr [netmask mask] dport src_addr [netmask mask] sport
proto [tos value [tosmask value]] [gpi value]
Here dst_addr and src_addr are dotted-decimal addresses of the destina‐
tion and the source respectively. An address may be followed by netmask
keyword. dport and sport are port numbers of the destination and the
source respectively. proto is a protocol number defined for IP packets
(e.g. 6 for TCP). tos keyword can be used to specify the type of service
field value. gpi keyword can be used to specify the Security Parameter
Index value for IPsec.
When filter value 0 is used, it is taken as a wildcard.
filter6 if_name class_name [name fltr_name] [ruleno num]
filter6_values
The filter6 command is for IPv6. filter6_value should be in the follow‐
ing format:
filter6_values:
dst_addr[/prefix_len] dport src_addr[/prefix_len] sport
proto [flowlabel value] [tclass value [tclassmask value]]
[gpi value]
Here dst_addr and src_addr are IPv6 addresses of the destination and the
source respectively. An address may be followed by an optional address
prefix length. dport and sport are port numbers of the destination and
the source respectively. proto is a protocol number defined for IPv6
packets (e.g. 6 for TCP). flowlabel keyword can be used to specify the
flowlabel field value. tclass keyword can be used to specify the traffic
class field value. gpi keyword can be used to specify the Security
Parameter Index value for IPsec.
When filter value 0 is used, it is taken as a wildcard.
CBQ Commands
CBQ (Class Based Queueing) achieves both partitioning and sharing of link
bandwidth by hierarchically structured classes. Each class has its own
queue and is assigned its share of bandwidth. A child class can borrow
bandwidth from its parent class as long as excess bandwidth is available.
interface if_name [bandwidth bps] [tbrsize bytes] [sched_type]
[efficient]
if_name specifies the name of a network interface (e.g., fxp0).
bandwidth
specifies the interface bandwidth in bits per second.
tbrsize specifies the bucket size of a token bucket regulator in
bytes.
sched_type
must be either cbq, cbq-wrr (weighted-round robin) or
cbq-prr (packet-by-packet round robin). cbq is equiva‐
lent to cbq-wrr.
efficient
Enables CBQ's link efficiency mode. This means that the
scheduler will send a packet from the first overlimit
class it encounters of all classes of the link-sharing
structure when all classes are overlimit. This will also
cause the scheduler to use greater than its assigned
bandwidth, if the link is capable of more than the
assigned bandwidth. By default, this mode is turned off.
By adding the keyword efficient to the interface specifi‐
cation line, enables this mode.
class sched_type if_name class_name parent_name [admission
cntlload|none] [priority pri] [pbandwidth percent]
[exactbandwidth bps] [borrow] [default] [control] [maxburst
count] [minburst count] [maxdelay msec] [packetsize bytes]
[maxpacketsize bytes] [red|rio] [ecn] [flowvalve]
[cleardscp]
The class command specifies a CBQ class. The classes are organized as a
hierarchy, and every class, except for the root class, has a parent.
sched_type
must be cbq for a CBQ class.
if_name Interface name. Must correspond to name in interface
specification.
class_name
Arbitrary name for this class. Must be unique within the
class hierarchy for this interface. The name ctl_class
is a reserved class name.
parent_name
The name of the parent class for this class or NULL if
this is the root class. Parent class must have been pre‐
viously defined.
admission
The type of admission control and QoS type. cntlload is
controlled load service for RSVP, otherwise, it should be
none. The default is none.
priority High numbers are higher priority. Max value is 7 and Min
value is 0. Default is 1.
pbandwidth
The percentage of the interface bandwidth allocated to
this class. Generally should add up to 100 percent at
each level of the class hierarchy, although other amounts
can be specified for purposes of experimentation.
exactbandwidth
Specify the bandwidth in bits-per-second instead of
pbandwidth. Note that the bandwidth allocation of CBQ is
not so precise but this is just a way to pass a parameter
to CBQ; the user is supposed to know the detailed inter‐
nals of CBQ. pbandwidth is a preferred way to specify
the bandwidth of a class.
borrow The class can borrow bandwidth from its parent class when
this class is overlimit. If this keyword is not present,
then no borrowing is done, and the packet is delayed or
dropped when the class is overlimit.
default Specify the default class. When this keyword is present,
all packets that do not match some classification crite‐
ria are assigned to this class. Must be exactly one
class on each interface defined as the default class.
control Specify the control class. When this keyword is present,
the predefined control class packets (RSVP, IGMP, and
ICMP) are assigned to this class. Note that when the
control class is not specified by the time the default
class is created, one is automatically created with
default parameters. Thus, if the control class is speci‐
fied, it must be listed before the default class. Must
be exactly one class on each interface defined as the
control class.
maxburst The maximum burst of back-to-back packets allowed in this
class. Default is 16 but the default value is automati‐
cally reduced to 4 when the class bandwidth is small
(about less than 1Mbps).
minburst The minimum burst is used to obtain the steady state
burst size. It's the parameter to help compute offtime
for the class. Offtime is the amount of time a class is
to wait between packets. Default is 2.
maxdelay The maxdelay is specified in milliseconds and used to
obtain the max queue size of the class. If not speci‐
fied, the default max queue size (30 packets) is used.
packetsize
The average packet size in bytes to be used in CBQ
over-/under-limit computations. Default value is MTU of
the interface.
maxpacketsize
The maximum packet size in bytes for the class. Default
value is MTU of the interface.
red enables RED on this class queue.
rio enables RIO on this class queue.
ecn enables RED/ECN on this class queue.
flowvalve
enables RED/flow-valve (a.k.a. red-penalty-box) on this
class queue.
cleardscp
clears diffserv codepoint in the IP header.
HFSC Commands
HFSC (Hierarchical Fair Service Curve) supports both link-sharing and
guaranteed real-time services. H-FSC employs a service curve based QoS
model, and its unique feature is an ability to decouple delay and band‐
width allocation. HFSC has 2 independent scheduling mechanisms. Real-
time scheduling is used to guarantee the delay and the bandwidth alloca‐
tion at the same time. Hierarchical link-sharing is used to distribute
the excess bandwidth. When dequeueing a packet, HFSC always tries real-
time scheduling first. If no packet is eligible for real-time schedul‐
ing, link-sharing scheduling is performed. HFSC does not use class hier‐
archy for real-time scheduling. Additionally, an upper-limit service
curve can be specified for link-sharing to set the upper limit allowed
for the class.
interface if_name [bandwidth bps] [tbrsize bytes] [sched_type]
if_name specifies the name of a network interface (e.g., fxp0).
bandwidth
specifies the interface bandwidth in bits per second.
tbrsize specifies the bucket size of a token bucket regulator in
bytes.
sched_type
must be hfsc for HFSC.
class sched_type if_name class_name parent_name [admission
cntlload|none] [[sc m1 d m2]] [[rt m1 d m2]] [[ls m1 d m2]]
[[ul m1 d m2]] [pshare percent] [grate bps] [bandwidth bps]
[ulimit bps] [default] [qlimit count] [red|rio] [ecn]
[cleardscp]
The class command specifies a HFSC class. The classes are organized as a
hierarchy, and every class, except for the root class, has a parent.
Each HFSC class has 2 service curves, the real-time service curve and the
link-sharing service curve. Service curves are specified by [type m1 d
m2]. type should be either sc, rt, ls, or ul. sc (service curve) is
used to set the same values to both real-time and link-sharing service
curves. rt (real-time) is used to specify the real-time service curve.
ls (link-sharing) is used to specify the link-sharing service curve. ul
(upper-limit) is used to specify the upper-limit service curve for link-
sharing. m1 is the slope of the first segment specified in bits-per-sec‐
ond. d is the x-projection of the intersection point of the 2 segments
specified in milliseconds. m2 is the slope of the second segment speci‐
fied in bits-per-second.
sched_type
must be hfsc for a HFSC class.
if_name Interface name. Must correspond to name in interface
specification.
class_name
Arbitrary name for this class. Must be unique within the
class hierarchy for this interface. The name root is a
reserved class name for the root class. The root class
for the interface is automatically created by the
interface command.
parent_name
The name of the parent class for this class. Keyword
root is used when the parent is the root class. Parent
class must have been previously defined.
admission
The type of admission control and QoS type. cntlload is
controlled load service for RSVP, otherwise, it should be
none. The default is none.
pshare Percent of the link share. This specifies a linear link-
sharing service curve as a fraction of the link band‐
width. It is a short hand of [ls 0 0 (link-bandwidth *
percent / 100)].
grate Guaranteed rate. This specifies a linear real-time ser‐
vice curve. It is a short hand of [rt 0 0 bps].
bandwidth
This is a short hand of [sc 0 0 bps].
ulimit Upper limit rate. This specifies a upper-limit service
curve. It is a short hand of [ul 0 0 bps].
default Specify the default class. When this keyword is present,
all packets that do not match some classification crite‐
ria are assigned to this class. Must be exactly one
class on each interface defined as the default class.
qlimit The maximum queue size in number of packets. Default
value is 50.
red enables RED on this class queue.
rio enables RIO on this class queue.
ecn enables RED/ECN on this class queue.
cleardscp
clears diffserv codepoint in the IP header.
PRIQ Commands
PRIQ (Priority Queueing) implements a simple priority-based queueing. A
higher priority class is always served first. Up to 16 priorities can be
used with PRIQ.
interface if_name [bandwidth bps] [tbrsize bytes] [sched_type]
if_name specifies the name of a network interface (e.g., fxp0).
bandwidth
specifies the interface bandwidth in bits per second.
tbrsize specifies the bucket size of a token bucket regulator in
bytes.
sched_type
must be priq for PRIQ.
class sched_type if_name class_name parent_name [priority pri]
[default] [qlimit count] [red|rio] [ecn] [cleardscp]
sched_type
must be priq for a PRIQ class.
if_name Interface name. Must correspond to name in interface
specification.
class_name
Arbitrary name for this class. Must be unique for this
interface.
parent_name
Parent class must be NULL for PRIQ.
priority High numbers are higher priority. Max value is 15 and
Min value is 0. Default is 0. A higher priority class
is always served first in PRIQ. Priority must be unique
for the interface.
default Specify the default class. When this keyword is present,
all packets that do not match some classification crite‐
ria are assigned to this class. Must be exactly one
class on each interface defined as the default class.
qlimit The maximum queue size in number of packets. Default
value is 50.
red enables RED on this class queue.
rio enables RIO on this class queue.
ecn enables RED/ECN on this class queue.
cleardscp
clears diffserv codepoint in the IP header.
WFQ Commands
WFQ (Weighted Fair Queueing) implements a weighted-round robin scheduler
for a set of queue. A weight can be assigned to each queue to give a
different proportion of the link capacity. A hash function is used to
map a flow to one of a set of queues, and thus, it is possible for two
different flows to be mapped into the same queue.
interface if_name [bandwidth bps] [tbrsize bytes] [sched_type]
[nqueues count] [qsize bytes] [hash policy]
if_name specifies the name of a network interface (e.g., fxp0).
bandwidth
specifies the interface bandwidth in bits per second.
tbrsize specifies the bucket size of a token bucket regulator in
bytes.
sched_type
must be wfq for WFQ.
nqueues The number of queues in WFQ. Default value is 256.
qsize The size of each queue in number of bytes. Default value
is 64K bytes.
hash Type of hash policy to select a queue. dstaddr specifies
a hashing policy by IP destination address. full speci‐
fies a hashing policy by IP addresses and ports. srcport
specifies a hashing policy by IP source port number.
srcaddr specifies a hashing policy by IP source address.
Default is dstaddr
FIFOQ Commands
FIFOQ (First-In First-Out Queueing) is a simple tail-drop FIFO queue.
FIFOQ is the simplest possible implementation of a queueing discipline in
ALTQ, and can be used to compare with other queueing disciplines. FIFOQ
can be also used as a template for those who want to write their own
queueing disciplines.
interface if_name [bandwidth bps] [tbrsize bytes] [sched_type]
[qlimit count]
if_name specifies the name of a network interface (e.g., fxp0).
bandwidth
specifies the interface bandwidth in bits per second.
tbrsize specifies the bucket size of a token bucket regulator in
bytes.
sched_type
must be fifoq for FIFOQ.
qlimit The maximum queue size in number of packets. Default
value is 50.
RED Commands
RED (Random Early Detection) is an implicit congestion notification mech‐
anism that exercises packet dropping or packet marking stochastically
according to the average queue length. RED can be viewed as a buffer
management mechanism and can be integrated into other packet scheduling
schemes.
red min_th max_th inv_pmax
The red command sets the default RED parameters. min_th and max_th are
the minimum and the maximum threshold values. inv_pmax is the inverse
(reciprocal) of the maximum drop probability. For example, 10 means the
maximum drop probability of 1/10.
interface if_name [bandwidth bps] [tbrsize bytes] [sched_type]
[qlimit count] [packetsize bytes] [weight n] [thmin n]
[thmax n] [invpmax n] [ecn] [flowvalve]
if_name specifies the name of a network interface (e.g., fxp0).
bandwidth
specifies the interface bandwidth in bits per second.
tbrsize specifies the bucket size of a token bucket regulator in
bytes.
sched_type
must be red for RED.
qlimit The maximum queue size in number of packets. Default
value is 60.
packetsize
The average packet size in number of bytes. This parame‐
ter is used to calibrate the idle period. Default value
is 1000.
weight The inverse of the weight of EWMA (exponentially weighted
moving average).
thmin The minimum threshold.
thmax The maximum threshold.
invpmax The inverse of the maximum drop probability.
ecn enables ECN.
flowvalve
enables flowvalve.
RIO Commands
ALTQ/RIO has 3 drop precedence levels defined for the Assured Forwarding
of DiffServ (RFC2597). Since adaptive flows are likely to stay under the
medium drop precedence level under congestion, the medium drop precedence
would protect adaptive flows from unadaptive flows.
The original RIO has 2 sets of RED parameters; one for in-profile packets
and the other for out-of-profile packets. At the ingress of the network,
profile meters tag packets as IN or OUT based on contracted profiles for
customers. Inside the network, IN packets receive preferential treatment
by the RIO dropper. It is possible to provision the network not to drop
IN packets at all by providing enough capacity for the total volume of IN
packets. Thus, RIO can be used to provide a service that statistically
assures capacity allocated for users. This mechanism can be extended to
support an arbitrary number of drop precedence levels. ALTQ supports 3
drop precedence levels.
rio low_min_th low_max_th low_inv_pmax medium_min_th medium_max_th
medium_inv_pmax high_min_th high_max_th high_inv_pmax
The rio command sets the default RIO parameters. The parameters are RED
parameters for 3 (low, medium, high) drop precedence.
interface if_name [bandwidth bps] [tbrsize bytes] [sched_type]
[qlimit count] [packetsize bytes] [weight n] [lo_thmin
n] [lo_thmax n] [lo_invpmax n] [med_thmin n] [med_thmax
n] [med_invpmax n] [hi_thmin n] [hi_thmax n] [hi_invpmax
n] [ecn]
if_name specifies the name of a network interface (e.g., fxp0).
bandwidth
specifies the interface bandwidth in bits per second.
tbrsize specifies the bucket size of a token bucket regulator in
bytes.
sched_type
must be rio for RIO.
qlimit The maximum queue size in number of packets. Default
value is 60.
packetsize
The average packet size in number of bytes. This parame‐
ter is used to calibrate the idle period. Default value
is 1000.
weight The inverse of the weight of EWMA (exponentially weighted
moving average).
lo_thmin The minimum threshold for low drop precedence.
lo_thmax The maximum threshold for low drop precedence.
lo_invpmax
The inverse of the maximum drop probability for low drop
precedence.
med_thmin
The minimum threshold for medium drop precedence.
med_thmax
The maximum threshold for medium drop precedence.
med_invpmax
The inverse of the maximum drop probability for medium
drop precedence.
hi_thmin The minimum threshold for high drop precedence.
hi_thmax The maximum threshold for high drop precedence.
hi_invpmax
The inverse of the maximum drop probability for high drop
precedence.
ecn enables ECN.
BLUE Commands
interface if_name [bandwidth bps] [tbrsize bytes] [sched_type]
[qlimit count] [packetsize bytes] [maxpmark n] [holdtime
usec] [ecn]
if_name specifies the name of a network interface (e.g., fxp0).
bandwidth
specifies the interface bandwidth in bits per second.
tbrsize specifies the bucket size of a token bucket regulator in
bytes.
sched_type
must be blue for BLUE.
qlimit The maximum queue size in number of packets. Default
value is 60.
packetsize
The average packet size in number of bytes. Default
value is 1000.
maxpmark specifies the precision of marking probability.
holdtime specifies the hold time in usec.
ecn enables ECN.
CDNR Commands
The conditioner command specifies a diffserv traffic conditioner. A
traffic conditioner is not a queueing discipline but a component to
meter, mark or drop incoming packets according to some rules.
As opposed to a queueing discipline, a traffic conditioner handles incom‐
ing packets at an input interface. If no queueing discipline (e.g., CBQ)
is used for the interface, a null interface command should be used to
specify an input network interface.
interface if_name [bandwidth bps] [tbrsize bytes]
The conditioner command has the following syntax.
conditioner if_name cdnr_name ⟨action⟩
if_name Interface name. Must correspond to name in interface
specification.
cdnr_name Arbitrary name for this conditioner. Must be unique
for this interface.
action Action of the conditioner.
An action can be a recursively defined action. The following actions are
defined.
pass
pass allows the packet to go through without any modi‐
fication to the packet.
drop
drop rejects the packet. The packet is immediately
discarded.
mark value
mark sets the specified value to the ds field in the IP
header. Then, the packet is allowed to go through.
tbmeter rate depth ⟨in_action⟩ ⟨out_action⟩
tbmeter is a token bucket meter configured with rate
and depth parameters. Rate is token rate in bits-
per-second. Depth is bucket depth in KB. When an
incoming packet is in profile (available token is
more than the packet size), tbmeter takes in_action.
Otherwise, tbmeter takes out_action.
trtcm cmtd_rate cmtd_depth peak_rate peak_depth ⟨green_action⟩
⟨yellow_action⟩ ⟨red_action⟩ [coloraware|colorblind]
trtcm is a 2-rate 3 color marker for Assured Forward‐
ing. A trtcm consists of 2 token buckets, one for a
committed rate and the other for a peak rate. When an
incoming packet is in the committed profile, trtcm
takes green_action. When the packet is out of the
committed profile but in the peak profile, trtcm takes
yellow_action. Otherwise, tbtcm takes red_action. A
trtcm is either color-aware or color-blind. A color-
aware trtcm do not raise the color (ds field value),
that is, a yellow packet can be yellow or red but can
not be blue. Default is color-blind.
tswtcm cmtd_rate peak_rate avg_interval ⟨green_action⟩
⟨yellow_action⟩ ⟨red_action⟩
tswtcm is a time sliding window 3 color marker for
Assured Forwarding. A tswtcm differs from trtcm in
that a tswtcm probabilistically marks packets. A
tswtcm consists of 2 rates, one for a committed rate
and the other for a peak rate. When an incoming
packet is in the committed profile, tswtcm takes
green_action. When the packet is out of the commit‐
ted profile but in the peak profile, tswtcm takes
yellow_action. Otherwise, tswtcm takes red_action.
cmtd_rate and peak_rate are specified in bits per
second. avg_interval provides the size of time win‐
dow for averaging incoming rate, and is specified in
milliseconds. 500 msec is ok for normal settings.
JoBS Commands
JoBS (Joint Buffer Management and Scheduling) is a queuing discipline
that can enforce any feasible mix of absolute and proportional guarantees
on packet losses, packet delays, and throughput, for classes of traffic,
on a per-hop basis. No admission control is performed, thus if the set
of service guarantees becomes infeasible, some service guarantees may be
relaxed.
interface if_name [bandwidth bps] [qlimit count] [separate]
[tbrsize bytes] [sched_type]
if_name specifies the name of a network interface (e.g., fxp0).
bandwidth
specifies the interface bandwidth in bits per second.
qlimit specifies the maximum queue size in number of packets.
separate specifies that classes have independent buffers. The
default is to have a shared buffer for all classes. If
this option is specified, qlimit applies to each indepen‐
dent buffer.
tbrsize specifies the bucket size of a token bucket regulator in
bytes.
sched_type
must be jobs for JoBS.
class sched_type if_name class_name parent_name [priority pri]
[default] [adc microsecs] [alc fraction] [arc bps] [rdc
prop] [rlc prop]
sched_type
must be jobs for a JoBS class.
if_name Interface name. Must correspond to name in interface
specification.
class_name
Arbitrary name for this class. Must be unique for this
interface.
parent_name
Parent class must be NULL for JoBS.
priority Priority index used for proportional differentiation.
Max value is 15 and Min value is 0. Default is 0. Pri‐
ority must be unique for the interface.
default Specify the default class. When this keyword is present,
all packets that do not match some classification crite‐
ria are assigned to this class. Must be exactly one
class on each interface defined as the default class.
adc Specifies an upper bound on delays for that class (in
microseconds). A value of -1 will indicate the absence
of delay bound. By default, no delay bound is offered.
alc Specifies a upper bound on loss rate for that class (in
fraction of 1, for instance a 1% loss rate bound will be
expressed as 0.01). A value of -1 will indicate the
absence of loss rate bound. By default, no loss rate
bound is offered.
arc Specifies a lower bound on the throughput received by
that class (in bits per second). A value of -1 will
indicate the absence of throughput bound. By default, no
throughput bound is offered.
rdc Specifies a proportional delay differentiation factor
between that class and the class with the successive pri‐
ority index. For instance, for priority 1, an rdc of 2
specifies that the delays of packets marked as class 2
will roughly be twice the delays of packets marked as
class 1. A value of -1 indicates the absence of propor‐
tional differentiation on that class. Note that class N
if N is the maximum priority should have a dummy coeffi‐
cient different from -1 if proportional delay differenti‐
ation is desired on Class N. By default, no proportional
delay differentiation is offered.
rlc Specifies a proportional loss differentiation factor
between that class and the class with the successive pri‐
ority index. For instance, for priority 1, an rlc of 2
specifies that the loss rate of packets marked as class 2
will roughly be twice the loss rate of packets marked as
class 1. A value of -1 indicates the absence of propor‐
tional differentiation on that class. Note that class N
if N is the maximum priority should have a dummy coeffi‐
cient different from -1 if proportional loss differentia‐
tion is desired on Class N. By default, no proportional
loss differentiation is offered.
EXAMPLES
CBQ Example
#
# cbq configuration for vx0 (10Mbps ether)
# give at least 40% to TCP
# limit HTTP from network 133.138.1.0 up to 10%, use RED.
# other traffic goes into default class
#
interface vx0 bandwidth 10M cbq
#
class cbq vx0 root_class NULL priority 0 pbandwidth 100
class cbq vx0 def_class root_class borrow pbandwidth 95 default
class cbq vx0 tcp_class def_class borrow pbandwidth 40
filter vx0 tcp_class 0 0 0 0 6
class cbq vx0 csl_class tcp_class pbandwidth 10 red
filter vx0 csl_class 0 0 133.138.1.0 netmask 0xffffff00 80 6
filter vx0 csl_class 133.138.1.0 netmask 0xffffff00 0 0 80 6
#
# sample filter6 command
#
filter6 vx0 csl_class ::0 0 d000:a:0:123::/64 80 6
HFSC Example
#
# hfsc configuration for hierarchical sharing
#
interface pvc0 bandwidth 45M hfsc
#
# (10% of the bandwidth share goes to the default class)
class hfsc pvc0 def_class root pshare 10 default
#
# bandwidth share guaranteed rate
# CMU: 45% 15Mbps
# PITT: 45% 15Mbps
#
class hfsc pvc0 cmu root pshare 45 grate 15M
class hfsc pvc0 pitt root pshare 45 grate 15M
#
# CMU bandwidth share guaranteed rate
# CS: 20% 10Mbps
# other: 20% 5Mbps
#
class hfsc pvc0 cmu_other cmu pshare 20 grate 10M
filter pvc0 cmu_other 0 0 128.2.0.0 netmask 0xffff0000 0 0
class hfsc pvc0 cmu_cs cmu pshare 20 grate 5M
filter pvc0 cmu_cs 0 0 128.2.242.0 netmask 0xffffff00 0 0
#
# PITT bandwidth share guaranteed rate
# CS: 20% 10Mbps
# other: 20% 5Mbps
#
class hfsc pvc0 pitt_other pitt pshare 20 grate 10M
filter pvc0 pitt_other 0 0 136.142.0.0 netmask 0xffff0000 0 0
class hfsc pvc0 pitt_cs pitt pshare 20 grate 5M
filter pvc0 pitt_cs 0 0 136.142.79.0 netmask 0xffffff00 0 0
HFSC Example (simpler one with ulimit)
#
interface fxp0 bandwidth 90M hfsc
# reserve 20% for default class
class hfsc fxp0 def_class root pshare 20 default
# shared class for TCP and UDP
class hfsc fxp0 shared_class root bandwidth 72M
# shared class for all TCP
class hfsc fxp0 tcp_shared shared_class bandwidth 40M ulimit 60M
# generic tcp
class hfsc fxp0 tcp_class tcp_shared bandwidth 15M ulimit 50M
filter fxp0 tcp_class 0 0 0 0 6
# http
class hfsc fxp0 http_class tcp_shared bandwidth 25M ulimit 40M
filter fxp0 http_class 0 80 0 0 6
filter fxp0 http_class 0 0 0 80 6
# udp
class hfsc fxp0 udp_class shared_class bandwidth 15M ulimit 20M
filter fxp0 udp_class 0 0 0 0 17
PRIQ Example
#
# priq configuration for fxp0 (100Mbps ether)
# icmp: high priority
# tcp: medium priority
# others: low priority
#
interface fxp0 bandwidth 100M priq
#
class priq fxp0 high_class NULL priority 2
filter fxp0 high_class 0 0 0 0 1
class priq fxp0 med_class NULL priority 1
filter fxp0 med_class 0 0 0 0 6
class priq fxp0 low_class NULL priority 0 default
WFQ Example
interface pvc0 bandwidth 134000000 wfq
FIFOQ Example
interface rl0 bandwidth 10M fifoq
Conditioner Example
#
interface fxp0
#
# a simple dropper
# discard all packets from 192.168.0.83
#
conditioner fxp0 dropper <drop>
filter fxp0 dropper 0 0 192.168.0.83 0 0
#
# EF conditioner
# mark EF to all packets from 192.168.0.117
#
conditioner pvc1 ef_cdnr <tbmeter 6M 64K <mark 0xb8><drop>>
filter fxp0 ef_cdnr 0 0 192.168.0.117 0 0
#
# AF1x conditioner
# mark AF1x to packets from 192.168.0.178
# AF11 (low drop precedence): less than 3Mbps
# AF12 (medium drop precedence): more than 3Mbps and less than 10Mbps
# AF13 (high drop precedence): more than 10Mbps
#
conditioner fxp0 af1x_cdnr <trtcm 3M 32K 10M 64K <mark 0x28><mark 0x30><mark 0x38>>
filter fxp0 af1x_cdnr 0 0 192.168.0.178 0 0
SEE ALSOaltqd(8)BUGS
This man page is incomplete. For more information read the source.
BSD September 10, 2008 BSD
