LIBQUOTA(3) BSD Library Functions Manual LIBQUOTA(3)NAME
libquota, quota_open, quota_close, quota_getmountdevice,
quota_getmountpoint, quota_getimplname, quota_getrestrictions,
quota_getnumidtypes, quota_getnumobjtypes, quota_idtype_getname,
quota_objtype_getname, quota_objtype_isbytes, quota_get, quota_put,
quota_delete, quota_opencursor, quotacursor_close,
quotacursor_skipidtype, quotacursor_get, quotacursor_getn,
quotacursor_atend, quotacursor_rewind, quota_quotaon, quota_quotaoff,
quotaval_clear — disk quota access and control library
LIBRARY
library “libquota”
SYNOPSIS
#include <quota.h>
struct quotahandle *
quota_open(const char *path);
void
quota_close(struct quotahandle *qh);
const char *
quota_getmountdevice(struct quotahandle *qh);
const char *
quota_getmountpoint(struct quotahandle *qh);
const char *
quota_getimplname(struct quotahandle *qh);
unsigned
quota_getrestrictions(struct quotahandle *qh);
int
quota_getnumidtypes(struct quotahandle *qh);
int
quota_getnumobjtypes(struct quotahandle *qh);
const char *
quota_idtype_getname(struct quotahandle *qh, int idtype);
const char *
quota_objtype_getname(struct quotahandle *qh, int objtype);
int
quota_objtype_isbytes(struct quotahandle *qh, int objtype);
int
quota_get(struct quotahandle *qh, const struct quotakey *key,
struct quotaval *val);
int
quota_put(struct quotahandle *qh, const struct quotakey *key,
const struct quotaval *val);
int
quota_delete(struct quotahandle *qh, const struct quotakey *key);
struct quotacursor *
quota_opencursor(struct quotahandle *qh);
void
quotacursor_close(struct quotacursor *qc);
int
quotacursor_skipidtype(struct quotacursor *qc, int idtype);
int
quotacursor_get(struct quotacursor *qc, struct quotakey *key,
const struct quotaval *val);
int
quotacursor_getn(struct quotacursor *qc, struct quotakey *keys,
const struct quotaval *vals, unsigned maxnum);
int
quotacursor_atend(struct quotacursor *qc);
int
quotacursor_rewind(struct quotacursor *qc);
int
quota_quotaon(struct quotahandle *qh, int idtype);
int
quota_quotaoff(struct quotahandle *qh, int idtype);
void
quotaval_clear(struct quotaval *qv);
DESCRIPTION
The libquota library provides uniform access to disk quota functionality
across all file systems and file system types. Programs should be linked
with -lquota -lrpcsvc.
Quota information is organized as a key/value store, where the key names
a particular limit and the value contains information about that limit.
The information includes a configured soft limit, hard limit, and grace
time, as well as the current usage and the expire time of any pending
grace period. The soft limit may be exceeded temporarily, but only for
the length of time specified; after that further usage is rejected. The
hard limit may not be exceeded.
Each mounted file system that supports quotas contains its own key/value
store for quota information. (The underlying representation may vary.)
The library supports get, put, and delete operations, as well as a cursor
interface for iterating an entire store. It also provides functions for
inspecting the properties of a particular file system's quota implementa‐
tion.
All functionality is accessed by first calling quota_open() on a particu‐
lar volume to get a handle for that volume's quota information. Other
operations can be called at this point. The quota_close() function
should be called when done to release internal resources.
Data Structures
The key part of the key/value schema is defined as struct quotakey, which
contains the following members:
int qk_idtype
The type of principal (user, group, etc.) to retrieve quota infor‐
mation for.
id_t qk_id
The ID number (uid, gid, etc.) to retrieve quota information for.
int qk_objtype
The type of file system resource (blocks, files, etc.) to retrieve
quota information for.
The value part of the key/value schema is defined as struct quotaval,
which contains the following members:
uint64_t qv_softlimit
The soft limit.
uint64_t qv_hardlimit
The hard limit.
uint64_t qv_usage
The current usage.
int64_t qv_expiretime
The time (in time_t terms) at which the current grace period, if
any, expires.
int64_t qv_grace
The configured length of grace period.
Constants
The basic ID and object types are predefined. QUOTA_IDTYPE_USER is the
code number for quotas on users; QUOTA_IDTYPE_GROUP is the code number
for quotas on groups. Similarly, QUOTA_OBJTYPE_BLOCKS retrieves limits
on file system blocks, while QUOTA_OBJTYPE_FILES retrieves limits on the
number of existing files.
Some backends support a default configuration; this can be accessed by
using QUOTA_DEFAULTID as the ID number.
When no limit is in place, the value QUOTA_NOLIMIT appears in the limit
fields of struct quotaval, and if no time is indicated the value
QUOTA_NOTIME appears in the time fields.
Quota v1
The historic BSD quota implementation for FFS, known as “quota v1”, has
additional restrictions and requirements. All file systems to be mounted
with v1 quotas must be listed in fstab(5) with the userquota and/or
groupquota mount options specified. The tools quotacheck(8) and
quotaon(8) must be used on quota v1 volumes before quotas become fully
operational, and quotaoff(8) must be used at system shutdown time. The
libquota library provides access to quota v1 data even before quotaon(8)
is called by direct access to the on-disk quota information. However,
this method is not recommended. Note that the userquota and groupquota
mount options are read and interpreted at quotaon time, not mount(8)
time. This allowed historic implementations to avoid storing the path in
the kernel.
Semantic Restrictions
Some quota implementations are restricted in their functionality or
semantics. The following restriction codes are defined to allow libquota
client code to adapt or to provide more helpful diagnostic messages.
QUOTA_RESTRICT_NEEDSQUOTACHECK
The quota implementation is a quota v1 system and requires the old-
style quota check and mount process as described in the previous
section.
QUOTA_RESTRICT_UNIFORMGRACE
The grace period for how long a quota can be over the soft limit
can be specified only once, globally, for all principals. It is
set via the default (QUOTA_DEFAULTID) quota entry.
QUOTA_RESTRICT_32BIT
The values in struct quotaval are limited to 32 bits wide. Larger
values will be treated as QUOTA_NOLIMIT.
QUOTA_RESTRICT_READONLY
The quota information is read-only. Attempts to update it using
quota_put() or other functions will fail.
Function Descriptions
quota_open()
Open a volume for access with the quota library. The path may be
any file or file system object on the desired volume. On success,
returns a quota handle for further use. On failure, returns NULL
and sets errno.
quota_close()
Close a quota handle previously created with quota_open().
quota_getmountdevice()
Return the path of the device the target volume is mounted from.
This is retrieved with statvfs(2).
quota_getmountpoint()
Return the path in the directory tree where the target volume is
mounted. This is retrieved with statvfs(2).
quota_getimplname()
Return a human-readable string describing the underlying quota
implementation. Client programs should not attempt to interpret
this string.
quota_getrestrictions()
Return the semantic restriction flags for the underlying quota
implementation. The possible flags are described above.
quota_getnumidtypes()
Return the number of ID types supported by this volume. Will ordi‐
narily be two; ideally code using this library should be prepared
for other values, including possibly one. However, as of this
writing it is difficult to foresee any other likely ID types beyond
users and groups.
quota_getnumobjtypes()
Return the number of object types supported by this volume. Will
ordinarily be two; ideally code using this library should be pre‐
pared for larger values. As of this writing there are deployed
file systems (though not in NetBSD) that support quotas for more
than two object types.
quota_idtype_getname()
Return a printable name for an ID type.
quota_objtype_getname()
Return a printable name for an object type.
quota_objtype_isbytes()
Return true if the object type refers to something measured in
bytes. (This can be used for calling humanize_number(3)).
quota_get()
Return, in val, the quota information associated with the quota key
key. On failure, returns -1 and sets errno.
quota_put()
Update the quota information associated with the quota key key from
the value val. Note that the current usage (which is maintained by
the file system) cannot be updated via libquota. If it becomes
incorrect or corrupted, quotacheck(8) or fsck(8) must be used.
Also note that sufficient privilege is required. On failure,
returns -1 and sets errno.
quota_delete()
Remove the quota information associated with the quota key key.
Depending on the backend implementation this might just blank it
out or might physically remove the quota record from disk. Note
that sufficient privilege is required. On failure, returns -1 and
sets errno.
quota_opencursor()
Prepare to iterate the store by creating a cursor. The cursor
starts at the beginning of the store. On success, returns a
pointer to a cursor object that can be used with the quotacursor
calls. On failure, returns NULL and sets errno.
quotacursor_close()
Destroy a cursor previously created with quota_opencursor(). This
releases internal storage.
quotacursor_skipidtype()
Hint to the implementation that the caller is not interested in
retrieving records with ID type idtype. As this is a hint, the
implementation may ignore it; the caller should still be prepared
to receive and ignore such records. On failure, returns -1 and
sets errno.
quotacursor_get()
Retrieve the next record (key and value) from a cursor. Note that
records are not guaranteed to be returned in any particular order.
On failure, returns -1 and sets errno.
quotacursor_getn()
Retrieve the next several keys and values from a cursor. Up to
maxnum keys and values will be stored in the arrays pointed to by
the keys and vals arguments. Returns the number of records
retrieved. On failure, returns -1 and sets errno.
quotacursor_atend()
Returns true if the cursor has reached the end of the quota store.
quotacursor_rewind()
Resets a cursor to point to the beginning of the quota store,
allowing another pass over the data.
quota_quotaon()
For old-style quota v1 implementations, this function enables quo‐
tas for the specified ID type. To ensure that the quota files are
consistent with the file system state, quotacheck(8) must have been
run beforehand. As described above, the file system volume must be
listed in fstab(5) and the corresponding old-style mount option,
userquota or groupquota, must be set therein. The path name for
the quota file is retrieved from fstab(5) and passed to the kernel.
This function will fail if used on newer quota implementations with
in-file-system quotas.
quota_quotaoff()
For old-style quotas, this function disables quotas for the speci‐
fied ID type. This function will fail if used on newer quota
implementations with in-file-system quotas.
quotaval_clear()
A convenience function for initializing a struct quotaval instance
to the default empty state.
ERRORS
Error conditions include:
[EDEADLK] An inconsistency was detected during quotacursor_get()
or quotacursor_getn(). The application should discard
information collected so far and use
quotacursor_rewind() to start the iteration over.
[ENOENT] The quota information requested from quota_get() does
not exist.
[ENXIO] The path passed to quota_open() was on a volume whose
quota support is not enabled.
[EOPNOTSUPP] The path passed to quota_open() was on a volume that
has no quota support. Or, the iterator functions,
quota_put(), or other unsupported operations were
attempted on an NFS volume, or on some other volume
type that does not support the full semantic range of
quota information.
SEE ALSOquota(1), edquota(8), mount_ffs(8), mount_nfs(8), quotacheck(8),
quotaon(8), repquota(8), rpc.rquotad(8)HISTORY
The libquota library first appeared in NetBSD 6.0.
AUTHORS
The libquota library was written by David A. Holland.
BSD February 13, 2012 BSD
